diff --git a/vim_tutor.md b/vim_tutor.md index af77cb6..f3350ff 100644 --- a/vim_tutor.md +++ b/vim_tutor.md @@ -1,8 +1,48 @@ # Vim Tutor +# Welcome to the Neovim Tutorial + +Neovim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to explain in +a tutorial such as this. This tutorial is designed to describe enough of the +commands that you will be able to easily use Neovim as an all-purpose editor. +It is IMPORTANT to remember that this tutorial is set up to teach by use. That +means that you need to do the exercises to learn them properly. If you only +read the text, you will soon forget what is most important! + +For now, make sure that your Caps-Lock is off and press the `j`{normal} key enough +times to move the cursor so that Lesson 0 completely fills the screen. + +# Lesson 0 + +NOTE: The commands in the lessons will modify the text, but those changes +won't be saved. Don't worry about messing things up; just remember that +pressing []() and then [u](u) will undo the latest change. + +This tutorial is interactive, and there are a few things you should know. +- Type []() on links [like this](holy-grail ) to open the linked help section. +- Or simply type [K](K) on any word to find its documentation! +- You can close this help window with `:q`{vim} +- Sometimes you will be required to modify text like + + this here + +Once you have done the changes correctly, the ✗ sign at the left will change +to ✓. I imagine you can already see how neat Neovim can be. +Other times, you'll be prompted to run a command (I'll explain this later): +~~~ cmd + :help +~~~ +or press a sequence of keys +~~~ normal + 0fd3wP$P +~~~ +Text within <'s and >'s (like ``{normal}) describes a key to press +instead of text to type. + +Now, move to the next lesson (use the `j`{normal} key to scroll down). + ## Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR -``` ** To move the cursor, press the `h`, `j`, `k`, `l` keys as indicated. ** ↑ @@ -23,4 +63,938 @@ NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press to place NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to move around much faster, once you get used to it. -``` + +# Lesson 1.2: EXITING NEOVIM + +!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read the entire lesson !! + + 1. Press the key (to make sure you are in Normal mode). + + 2. Type: + + `:q!`{vim} ``{normal}. + + This quits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made. + + 3. Open Neovim and get back here by executing the command that got you into + this tutorial. That might be: + + :Tutor + + 4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps + 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor. + +NOTE: [:q!](:q) discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you + will learn how to save the changes to a file. + + 5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3. + +## Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION + +** Press `x`{normal} to delete the character under the cursor. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✗. + + 2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the + character to be deleted. + + 3. Press [the x key](x) to delete the unwanted character. + + 4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct. + +The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon. + + 5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4. + +NOTE: As you go through this tutorial, do not try to memorize everything, + your Neovim vocabulary will expand with usage. Consider returning to + this tutorial periodically for a refresher. + +# Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING: INSERTION + +** Press `i`{normal} to insert text. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked ✗. + + 2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top + of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted. + + 3. Press `i`{normal} and type in the necessary additions. + + 4. As each error is fixed press ``{normal} to return to Normal mode. + Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence. + +There is text misng this . +There is some text missing from this line. + + 5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to Lesson 1.5. + +# Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING: APPENDING + +** Press `A`{normal} to append text. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked ✗. + It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line. + + 2. Press [A](A) and type in the necessary additions. + + 3. As the text has been appended press ``{normal} to return to Normal + mode. + + 4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ✗ and repeat + steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence. + +There is some text missing from th +There is some text missing from this line. +There is also some text miss +There is also some text missing here. + + 5. When you are comfortable appending text move to Lesson 1.6. + +# Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE + +** Use `:wq`{vim} to write a file and quit. ** + +!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read the entire lesson !! + + 1. Exit this tutorial as you did in Lesson 1.2: `:q!`{vim} + Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there. + + 2. At the shell prompt type this command: +~~~ sh + $ nvim tutor +~~~ + 'nvim' is the command to start the Nvim editor, 'tutor' is the name of + the file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed. + + 3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons. + + 4. Save the file with changes and exit Neovim with: +~~~ cmd + :wq +~~~ + Note you'll need to press `` to execute the command. + + 5. If you have quit this tutorial in step 1, restart and move down + to the following summary. + + 6. After reading and understanding the above steps: do them. + +# Lesson 1 SUMMARY + + 1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys. + h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right) + + 2. To start Neovim from the shell prompt type: +~~~ sh + $ nvim FILENAME +~~~ + 3. To exit Neovim type: ``{normal} `:q!`{vim} ``{normal} to trash all changes. + OR type: ``{normal} `:wq`{vim} ``{normal} to save the changes. + + 4. To delete the character at the cursor type: `x`{normal} + + 5. To insert or append text type: + `i`{normal} insert text ``{normal} insert before the cursor. + `A`{normal} append text ``{normal} append after the line. + +NOTE: Pressing ``{normal} will place you in Normal mode or will cancel + an unwanted and partially completed command. + +Now continue with Lesson 2. + +# Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS + +** Type `dw`{normal} to delete a word. ** + + 1. Press ``{normal} to make sure you are in Normal mode. + + 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✗. + + 3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted. + + 4. Type [d](d)[w](w) to make the word disappear. + +There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence. + + 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2. + +# Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS + +** Type `d$`{normal} to delete to the end of the line. ** + + 1. Press ``{normal} to make sure you are in Normal mode. + + 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✗. + + 3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ). + + 4. Type `d$`{normal} to delete to the end of the line. + +Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice. + + 5. Move on to Lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening. + +# Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS + +Many commands that change text are made from an [operator](operator) and a [motion](navigation). +The format for a delete command with the [d](d) delete operator is as follows: + + d motion + + Where: + d - is the delete operator. + motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below). + + A short list of motions: + [w](w) - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character. + [e](e) - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character. + [$]($) - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character. + + Thus typing `de`{normal} will delete from the cursor to the end of the word. + +NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator + will move the cursor as specified. + +# Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION + +** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked ✓ below. + + 2. Type `2w`{normal} to move the cursor two words forward. + + 3. Type `3e`{normal} to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward. + + 4. Type `0`{normal} ([zero](0)) to move to the start of the line. + + 5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers. + +This is just a line with words you can move around in. + + 6. Move on to Lesson 2.5. + +# Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE + +** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. ** + +In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you +insert a count before the motion to delete more: + d number motion + + 1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked ✗. + + 2. Type `d2w`{normal} to delete the two UPPER CASE words + + 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive + UPPER CASE words with one command + +This ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up. + +# Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES + +** Type `dd`{normal} to delete a whole line. ** + +Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided +it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line. + + 1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below. + + 2. Type [dd](dd) to delete the line. + + 3. Now move to the fourth line. + + 4. Type `2dd`{normal} to delete two lines. + +1) Roses are red, +2) Mud is fun, +3) Violets are blue, +4) I have a car, +5) Clocks tell time, +6) Sugar is sweet +7) And so are you. + +# Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND + +** Press `u`{normal} to undo the last commands, `U`{normal} to fix a whole line. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✗ and place it on the first error. + + 2. Type `x`{normal} to delete the first unwanted character. + + 3. Now type `u`{normal} to undo the last command executed. + + 4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the `x`{normal} command. + + 5. Now type a capital `U`{normal} to return the line to its original state. + + 6. Now type `u`{normal} a few times to undo the `U`{normal} and preceding commands. + + 7. Now type ``{normal} (Control + R) a few times to redo the commands. + +Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo. + + 8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the Lesson 2 Summary. + +# Lesson 2 SUMMARY + + 1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: `dw`{normal} + + 2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: `d$`{normal} + + 3. To delete a whole line type: `dd`{normal} + + 4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: `2w`{normal} + + 5. The format for a change command is: + + operator [number] motion + + where: + + operator - is what to do, such as [d](d) for delete + [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion + motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as: + [w](w) (word), + [$]($) (to the end of line), etc. + + 6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: [0](0) + + 7. To undo previous actions, type: `u`{normal} (lowercase u) + To undo all the changes on a line, type: `U`{normal} (capital U) + To undo the undo's, type: ``{normal} + +# Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND + +** Type `p`{normal} to put previously deleted text after the cursor. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first ✓ line below. + + 2. Type `dd`{normal} to delete the line and store it in a Neovim register. + + 3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go. + + 4. Type `p`{normal} to put the line below the cursor. + + 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order. + +d) Can you learn too? +b) Violets are blue, +c) Intelligence is learned, +a) Roses are red, + +NOTE: You can also put the text before the cursor with `P`{normal} (capital P) + +# Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND + +** Type `rx`{normal} to replace the character at the cursor with x. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked ✗. + + 2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error. + + 3. Type `r`{normal} and then the character which should be there. + + 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one. + +Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys! +When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys! + + 5. Now move on to Lesson 3.3. + +NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorizing. + +# Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR + +** To change until the end of a word, type `ce`{normal}. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked ✗. + + 2. Place the cursor on the "u" in "lubw". + + 3. Type `ce`{normal} and the correct word (in this case, type "ine" ). + + 4. Press ``{normal} and move to the next character that needs to be changed. + + 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second. + +This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator. +This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator. + +Notice that [c](c)e deletes the word and places you in Insert mode. + +# Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING `c`{normal} + +** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. ** + + 1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is: + + c [number] motion + + 2. The motions are the same, such as `w`{normal} (word) and `$`{normal} (end of line). + + 3. Move to the first line below marked ✗. + + 4. Move the cursor to the first error. + + 5. Type `c$`{normal} and type the rest of the line like the second and press ``{normal}. + +The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second. +The end of this line needs to be corrected using the `c$`{normal} command. + +NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing. + +# Lesson 3 SUMMARY + + 1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type [p](p). This puts the + deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the + line below the cursor). + + 2. To replace the character under the cursor, type [r](r) and then the + character you want to have there. + + 3. The [change operator](c) allows you to change from the cursor to where + the motion takes you. Type `ce`{normal} to change from the cursor to the + end of the word, `c$`{normal} to change to the end of a line, etc. + + 4. The format for change is: + + c [number] motion + +Now go on to the next lesson. + +# Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS + +** Type ``{normal} to show your location in a file and the file status. + Type `G`{normal} to move to a line in the file. ** + +NOTE: Read the entire lesson before executing any of these steps!! + + 1. Hold down the ``{normal} key and press `g`{normal}. We call this ``{normal}. + A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and + the position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3. + +NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the + screen. This happens when the ['ruler']('ruler') option is set. + + 2. Press [G](G) to move you to the bottom of the file. + Type [gg](gg) to move you to the start of the file. + + 3. Type the number of the line you were on and then `G`{normal}. This will + return you to the line you were on when you first pressed ``{normal}. + + 4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3. + +# Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND + +** Type `/`{normal} followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. ** + + 1. In Normal mode type the `/`{normal} character. Notice that it and the + cursor appear at the bottom of the screen as with the `:`{normal} command. + + 2. Now type 'errroor' ``{normal}. This is the word you want to search for. + + 3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type [n](n). + To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type [N](N). + + 4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use [?](?) instead of `/`{normal}. + + 5. To go back to where you came from press ``{normal}. + (keep ``{normal} pressed down while pressing the letter `o`{normal}). + Repeat to go back further. ``{normal} goes forward. + +"errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error. + +NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the + start, unless the ['wrapscan']('wrapscan') option has been reset. + +# Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH + +** Type `%`{normal} to find a matching ),], or }. ** + + 1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked ✓. + + 2. Now type the [%](%) character. + + 3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket. + + 4. Type `%`{normal} to move the cursor to the other matching bracket. + + 5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what `%`{normal} does. + +This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. )) + +NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses! + +# Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND + +** Type `:s/old/new/g` to substitute "new" for "old". ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✗. + + 2. Type +~~~ cmd + :s/thee/the/ +~~~ + NOTE: the [:s](:s) command only changed the first match of "thee" in the line. + + 3. Now type +~~~ cmd + :s/thee/the/g +~~~ + Adding the g [flag](:s_flags) means to substitute globally in the line, + change all occurrences of "thee" in the line. + +Usually thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring. + + 4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines, type +~~~ cmd + :#,#s/old/new/g +~~~ + where # are the line numbers of the range of lines where the + substitution is to be done (i.e., `1,3` means from line 1 to line 3, inclusive). + + Type +~~~ cmd + :%s/old/new/g +~~~ + to change every occurrence in the whole file. + + Type +~~~ cmd + :%s/old/new/gc +~~~ + to find every occurrence in the whole file, with a prompt whether to + substitute or not. + +NOTE: You can also select the lines you want to substitute first using visual-mode. + This will be explained more in a future lesson. + +# Lesson 4 SUMMARY + + 1. ``{normal} displays your location and the file status. + `G`{normal} moves to the end of the file. + number `G`{normal} moves to that line number. + `gg`{normal} moves to the first line. + + 2. Typing `/`{normal} followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase. + Typing `?`{normal} followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase. + After a search type `n`{normal} to find the next occurrence in the same + direction or `N`{normal} to search in the opposite direction. + ``{normal} takes you back to older positions, ``{normal} to + newer positions. + + 3. Typing `%`{normal} while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its + match. + + 4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type +~~~ cmd + :s/old/new +~~~ + To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type +~~~ cmd + :s/old/new/g +~~~ + To substitute phrases between two line #'s type +~~~ cmd + :#,#s/old/new/g +~~~ + To substitute all occurrences in the file type +~~~ cmd + :%s/old/new/g +~~~ + To ask for confirmation each time add 'c' +~~~ cmd + :%s/old/new/gc +~~~ + +# Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND + +** Type `:!`{vim} followed by an external command to execute that command. ** + + 1. Type the familiar command `:`{normal} to set the cursor at the bottom of + the screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command. + + 2. Now type the [!](!cmd) (exclamation point) character. This allows you to + execute any external shell command. + + 3. As an example type "ls" following the "!" and then hit ``{normal}. + This will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were + at the shell prompt. + +NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, and you + can include arguments. + +NOTE: All `:`{vim} commands are executed when you press ``{normal}. + +# Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES + +** To save the changes made to the text, type `:w`{vim} FILENAME. ** + + 1. Type `:!ls`{vim} to get a listing of your directory. + You already know you must hit ``{normal} after this. + + 2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST. + + 3. Now type: +~~~ cmd + :w TEST +~~~ + (where TEST is the filename you chose.) + + 4. This saves the current file under the name TEST. + To verify this, type `:!ls`{vim} again to see your directory. + +NOTE: If you were to exit Neovim and start it again with `nvim TEST`, the file + would be an exact copy of the tutorial when you saved it. + + 5. Now remove the file by typing: +~~~ cmd + :!rm TEST +~~~ +# Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE + +** To save part of the file, type `v`{normal} motion `:w FILENAME`{vim}. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to this line. + + 2. Press [v](v) and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the + text is highlighted. + + 3. Press the `:`{normal} character. At the bottom of the screen + + `:'<,'>`{vim} + + will appear. + + 4. Type + + `:w TEST`{vim} + + where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify that you see + + `:'<,'>w TEST`{vim} + + before you press ``{normal}. + + 5. Neovim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use `:!ls`{vim} to see it. + Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson. + +NOTE: Pressing [v](v) starts [Visual selection](visual-mode). You can move the cursor around to + make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator to + do something with the text. For example, `d`{normal} deletes the text. + +# Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES + +** To retrieve the contents of a file, type `:r FILENAME`{vim}. ** + + 1. Place the cursor just above this line. + +NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from Lesson 5.3. Then move + DOWN to see this lesson again. + + 2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command + + `:r TEST`{vim} + + where TEST is the name of the file you used. + The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line. + + 3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there + are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the retrieved version. + +NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example, + + `:r !ls`{vim} + + reads the output of the `ls` command and puts it below the cursor. + +# Lesson 5 SUMMARY + + 1. [:!command](:!cmd) executes an external command. + + Some useful examples are: + `:!ls`{vim} - shows a directory listing + `:!rm FILENAME`{vim} - removes file FILENAME + + 2. [:w](:w) FILENAME writes the current Neovim file to disk with + name FILENAME. + + 3. [v](v) motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file + FILENAME. + + 4. [:r](:r) FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it + below the cursor position. + + 5. [:r !dir](:r!) reads the output of the dir command and + puts it below the cursor position. + +# Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND + +** Type `o`{normal} to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✓. + + 2. Type the lowercase letter `o`{normal} to [open](o) up a line BELOW the + cursor and place you in Insert mode. + + 3. Now type some text and press ``{normal} to exit Insert mode. + +After typing `o`{normal} the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode. + + 4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a [capital O](O), rather + than a lowercase `o`{normal}. Try this on the line below. + +Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line. + +# Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND + +** Type `a`{normal} to insert text AFTER the cursor. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked ✗. + + 2. Press `e`{normal} until the cursor is on the end of "li". + + 3. Type the lowercase letter `a`{normal} to [append](a) text AFTER the cursor. + + 4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press ``{normal} to exit Insert mode. + + 5. Use `e`{normal} to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4. + +This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line. +This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line. + +NOTE: [a](a), [i](i) and [A](A) all go to the same Insert mode, the only + difference is where the characters are inserted. + +# Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE + +** Type a capital `R`{normal} to replace more than one character. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked ✗. Move the cursor to + the beginning of the first "xxx". + + 2. Now press `R`{normal} ([capital R](R)) and type the number below it in the + second line, so that it replaces the "xxx". + + 3. Press ``{normal} to leave [Replace mode](mode-replace). Notice that + the rest of the line remains unmodified. + + 4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining "xxx". + +Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx. +Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579. + +NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character + replaces an existing character. + +# Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT + +** Use the `y`{normal} operator to copy text and `p`{normal} to put it. ** + + 1. Go to the line marked with ✓ below and place the cursor after "a)". + + 2. Start Visual mode with `v`{normal} and move the cursor to just before + "first". + + 3. Type `y`{normal} to [yank](yank) (copy) the highlighted text. + + 4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: `j$`{normal} + + 5. Type `p`{normal} to [put](put) (paste) the text. + + 6. Press `a`{normal} and then type "second". Press ``{normal} to leave + Insert mode. + + 7. Use Visual mode to select "item.", yank it with `y`{normal}, move to the + end of the next line with `j$`{normal} and put the text there with `p`{normal} + +a) This is the first item. +b) + +NOTE: you can use `y`{normal} as an operator: `yw`{normal} yanks one word. + +NOTE: you can use `P`{normal} to put before the cursor, rather than after. + +# Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION + +** Set an option so search and substitute commands ignore case. ** + +There are many settings in Neovim that you can configure to suit your needs. + + 1. Search for 'ignore' by entering: `/ignore` + Repeat several times by pressing `n`{normal}. + + 2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering: +~~~ cmd + :set ic +~~~ + 3. Now search for 'ignore' again by pressing `n`{normal}. + Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found. + + 4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options: +~~~ cmd + :set hls is +~~~ + 5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore + + 6. To disable ignoring case enter: +~~~ cmd + :set noic +~~~ + 7. To invert the value of a setting, prepend it with "inv": +~~~ cmd + :set invic +~~~ +NOTE: To remove the highlighting of matches enter: +~~~ cmd + :nohlsearch +~~~ +NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use [\c](/\c) + in the phrase: /ignore\c + +# Lesson 6 SUMMARY + + 1. Type `o`{normal} to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode. + Type `O`{normal} to open a line ABOVE the cursor. + + 2. Type `a`{normal} to insert text AFTER the cursor. + Type `A`{normal} to insert text after the end of the line. + + 3. The `e`{normal} command moves to the end of a word. + + 4. The `y`{normal} operator copies text, `p`{normal} pastes it. + + 5. Typing a capital `R`{normal} enters Replace mode until ``{normal} is + pressed. + + 6. Typing "[:set](:set) xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are: + + 'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching + 'is' 'incsearch' show partial matches for a search phrase + 'hls' 'hlsearch' highlight all matching phrases + + You can either use the long or the short option name. + + 7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: +~~~ cmd + :set noic +~~~ + 8. Prepend "inv" to invert an option: +~~~ cmd + :set invic +~~~ +# Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP + +** Use the online help system. ** + +Neovim has a comprehensive online help system. + +To get started, try one of these three: + + - press the ``{normal} key (if you have one) + - type `:help`{vim} + +Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works. +Type ``{normal} to jump from one window to another. +Type `:q`{vim} to close the help window. + +You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the +":help" command. Try these (don't forget to press ): +~~~ cmd + :help w + :help c_CTRL-D + :help insert-index + :help user-manual +~~~ +# Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT + +** Enable Neovim features. ** + +Neovim is a very configurable editor. You can customise it any way you like. +To start using more features create an "init.vim" file. + + 1. Start editing the "init.vim" file. + + `:call mkdir(stdpath('config'),'p')`{vim} + `:exe 'edit' stdpath('config').'/init.vim'`{vim} + + 2. Write the file with: + + `:w`{vim} + + You can add all your preferred settings to this "init.vim" file. + For more information type `:help init.vim`{vim}. + +# Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION + +** Command line completion with ``{normal} and ``{normal}. ** + + 1. List the contents of the current directory: `:!ls`{vim} + + 2. Type the start of a command: `:e`{vim} + + 3. Press ``{normal} and Neovim will show a list of commands beginning with "e". + + 4. Press ``{normal} and Neovim will complete the command name to ":edit". + + 5. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: `:edit FIL`{vim} + + 6. Press ``{normal}. Neovim will complete the name ("FIL" -> "FILE", if it is unique). + +NOTE: Completion works for many commands. It is especially useful for `:help`{vim}. + +# Lesson 7 SUMMARY + + 1. Type `:help`{vim} + or press ``{normal} or ``{normal} to open a help window. + + 2. Type `:help TOPIC`{vim} to find help on TOPIC. + + 3. Type ``{normal} to jump to another window + + 4. Type `:q`{vim} to close the help window + + 5. Create an init.vim startup script to keep your preferred settings. + + 6. While in command mode, press ``{normal} to see possible completions. + Press ``{normal} to use one completion. + +# CONCLUSION + +This was intended to give a brief overview of the Neovim editor, just enough to +allow you to use it fairly easily. It is far from complete as Neovim has +many many more commands. Consult the help often. +There are also countless great tutorials and videos to be found online. +Here's a bunch of them: + +- *Learn Vim Progressively*: + http://yannesposito.com/Scratch/en/blog/Learn-Vim-Progressively/ +- *Learning Vim in 2013*: + http://benmccormick.org/learning-vim-in-2014/ +- *Vimcasts*: + http://vimcasts.org/ +- *Vim Video-Tutorials by Derek Wyatt*: + http://derekwyatt.org/vim/tutorials/ +- *Learn Vimscript the Hard Way*: + http://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/ +- *7 Habits of Effective Text Editing*: + http://www.moolenaar.net/habits.html +- *vim-galore*: + https://github.com/mhinz/vim-galore + +If you prefer a book, *Practical Vim* by Drew Neil is recommended often +(the sequel, *Modern Vim*, includes material specific to Neovim). + +This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware, Colorado +School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith, Colorado State +University. E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu. + +Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar. +Modified for vim-tutor-mode by Felipe Morales. +Modified for Neovim by Rory Nesbitt. + +// vim: nowrap + + +